labarai

2 ga Agusta, 2023

Hanyoyin Turai a ƙarshe sun yi babban koma baya a farashin kaya, wanda ya karu da kashi 31.4% a cikin mako guda. Farashin kuɗin Transatlantic shima ya tashi da kashi 10.1% (wanda ya kai jimlar karuwar kashi 38% na tsawon watan Yuli). Waɗannan hauhawar farashin sun ba da gudummawa ga sabon ƙididdiga na jigilar kayayyaki na Shanghai (SCFI) ya tashi da 6.5% zuwa maki 1029.23, yana maido da matakin sama da maki 1000. Ana iya kallon wannan yanayin kasuwa a halin yanzu a matsayin farkon fara tunanin ƙoƙarin da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ke yi na haɓaka farashin hanyoyin Turai da Amurka a watan Agusta.

Masu binciken sun bayyana cewa tare da ƙarancin haɓakar ƙarar kaya a Turai da Amurka da ci gaba da saka hannun jari a ƙarin ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun riga sun kusanci iyakar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa marasa amfani da kuma rage jadawalin. Ko za su iya ci gaba da haɓakar hauhawar farashin kaya a cikin makon farko na Agusta zai zama muhimmin abin lura.

A ranar 1 ga Agusta, an saita kamfanonin jigilar kaya don daidaita farashin farashi akan hanyoyin Turai da Amurka. Daga cikin su, a kan hanyar Turai, manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki guda uku Maersk, CMA CGM, da Hapag-Lloyd ne ke kan gaba wajen shirya wani gagarumin tashin jirgi. Dangane da bayanai daga masu jigilar kaya, sun sami sabbin ƙididdiga a ranar 27th, yana nuna cewa ana sa ran hanyar transatlantic za ta karu da dala 250-400 a kowace TEU (Raka'a Daidaitan Kafa Ashirin), wanda ke niyya da $ 2000-3000 a kowace TEU don Yammacin Yammacin Amurka. da Amurka Gabas Coast bi da bi. A kan hanyar Turai, suna shirin haɓaka farashin da $ 400-500 kowace TEU, da nufin haɓakawa zuwa kusan $ 1600 kowace TEU.

Masana masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa za a lura da ainihin girman hauhawar farashin da kuma tsawon lokacin da za a iya dorewa a cikin makon farko na watan Agusta. Tare da babban adadin sabbin jiragen ruwa da ake isar da su, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki za su fuskanci babban kalubale. Koyaya, motsi na jagoran masana'antar, Kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na Bahar Rum, wanda ya sami babban ƙarfin ƙarfin 12.2% a farkon rabin wannan shekara, ana kuma sa ido sosai.
Dangane da sabuntawa na baya-bayan nan, ga alkaluman alkaluman ma'aunin jigilar kayayyaki na Shanghai (SCFI):

Hanyar Transpacific (Gaɓar Yamma ta Amurka): Shanghai zuwa Tekun Yamma na Amurka: $1943 a kowace FEU (Mai Daidaita Ƙafa arba'in), haɓakar $179 ko 10.15%.

Hanyar Transpacific (Gabashin Gabashin Amurka): Shanghai zuwa Tekun Gabashin Amurka: $2853 akan kowace FEU, karuwar dala 177 ko kuma 6.61%.

Hanyar Turai: Shanghai zuwa Turai: $975 a kowace TEU (Mai Daidaita Kafa Ashirin), karuwar $233 ko 31.40%.

Shanghai zuwa Bahar Rum: $1503 a kowace TEU, karuwar dala 96 ko 6.61%. Hanyar Tekun Fasha ta Farisa: Farashin jigilar kaya shine $839 a kowace TEU, yana fuskantar raguwar 10.6% idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da ya gabata.

A cewar kasuwar hada-hadar sufurin jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai, bukatun sufuri ya kasance a matsayi mai girma, tare da daidaiton ma'auni mai kyau, wanda ke haifar da karuwar farashin kasuwa. Ga hanyar Turai, duk da matakin farko na Markit Composite PMI ya ragu zuwa 48.9 a cikin Yuli, yana nuna kalubalen tattalin arziki, buƙatun sufuri ya nuna kyakkyawan aiki, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun aiwatar da tsare-tsaren haɓaka farashin, yana haifar da haɓakar ƙima a kasuwa.

Dangane da sabon sabuntawa, farashin jigilar kayayyaki na hanyar Kudancin Amurka (Santos) shine $ 2513 kowace TEU, yana fuskantar raguwar mako-mako na $67 ko 2.60%. Don hanyar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (Singapore), farashin jigilar kaya shine $143 kowace TEU, tare da raguwar mako-mako na $6 ko 4.30%.

Abin lura ne cewa idan aka kwatanta da farashin SCFI a ranar 30 ga Yuni, farashin hanyar Transpacific (US West Coast) ya karu da 38%, Hanyar Transpacific (US East Coast) ta karu da 20.48%, hanyar Turai ta karu da 27.79%, kuma hanyar Bahar Rum ta karu da kashi 2.52%. Mahimman ƙimar ƙimar sama da 20-30% akan manyan hanyoyin Gabashin Gabas ta Amurka, Tekun Yamma na Amurka, da Turai ya zarce ma'aunin SCFI gabaɗaya na 7.93%.

Masana'antar ta yi imanin cewa wannan haɓakar gabaɗaya yana haifar da ƙudurin kamfanonin jigilar kaya. Masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki tana fuskantar kololuwa a cikin sabbin isar da jiragen ruwa, tare da ci gaba da tara sabon ƙarfin tun watan Maris, da kuma rikodin kusan kusan 300,000 TEUs na sabon ƙarfin da aka ƙara a duniya a cikin watan Yuni kaɗai. A watan Yuli, ko da yake an sami karuwa a hankali a cikin adadin kayayyaki a Amurka da kuma wasu ci gaba a Turai, ƙarfin da ya wuce kima yana da wuyar narkewa, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar kayan aiki. Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki sun kasance suna daidaita farashin kaya ta hanyar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa marasa amfani da kuma rage jadawalin. Jita-jita sun nuna cewa halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu babu komai a cikin jirgin yana gabatowa wani muhimmin batu, musamman ga hanyoyin Turai tare da sabbin jiragen ruwa 20,000 na TEU.

Masu jigilar kaya sun bayyana cewa har yanzu jiragen ruwa da yawa ba su cika lodi ba a karshen watan Yuli da farkon watan Agusta, kuma ko karin farashin da kamfanonin sufurin suka yi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta zai iya jure duk wani koma-baya zai dogara ne kan ko an samu daidaito tsakanin kamfanonin na sadaukar da farashin kaya da kuma yadda kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa suka yi. tare kula da farashin kaya.

Tun daga farkon wannan shekara, an sami karuwar farashin kaya da yawa akan hanyar Transpacific (US zuwa Asiya). A cikin watan Yuli, an sami ci gaba mai nasara da kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da tafiye-tafiye mara kyau, dawo da adadin kaya, yajin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kanada, da tasirin ƙarshen wata.

Kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa sun yi nuni da cewa, raguwar farashin kaya a kan hanyar Transpacific a baya, wanda ya tunkari ko ma ya fadi kasa da layin tsadar kayayyaki, ya karfafa yunƙurin da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suka yi don haɓaka farashin. Bugu da kari, a lokacin tsananin gasa da farashin kaya a kan hanyar Transpacific, yawancin kanana da matsakaitan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki an tilasta musu ficewa daga kasuwa, tare da daidaita farashin kaya a kan hanyar. Yayin da adadin kaya ya karu a hankali a kan hanyar Transpacific a watan Yuni da Yuli, an sami nasarar aiwatar da karuwar farashin.

Bayan wannan nasarar, kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na Turai sun kwaikwayi kwarewar zuwa hanyar Turai. Ko da yake an sami ƙaruwar ƙarar kaya a kan hanyar Turai kwanan nan, ya kasance mai iyakancewa, kuma dorewar haɓakar ƙimar zai dogara ne akan wadatar kasuwa da haɓakar buƙatu.
Sabuwar WCI (Index na Kwantena na Duniya)daga Drewry ya nuna cewa GRI (General Rate Increase), yajin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kanada, da raguwar iya aiki duk sun sami wani tasiri a kan hanyar Transpacific (US zuwa Asiya) farashin kaya. Sabbin al'amuran WCI sune kamar haka: Shanghai zuwa Los Angeles (Hanya mai wucewa ta US West Coast) farashin kaya ya karya alamar $2000 kuma ya daidaita akan $2072. Ana ganin wannan adadin watanni shida da suka gabata.

Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na Shanghai zuwa New York (Htin Gabas ta Gabas ta Amurka) shi ma ya zarce dalar Amurka 3000, ya karu da kashi 5% zuwa $3049. Wannan ya saita sabon watanni shida.

Hanyoyin Transpacific na Gabas ta Gabas da Amurka ta Yamma sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka 2.5% a cikin Drewry World Container Index (WCI), ya kai $1576. A cikin makonni uku da suka gabata, WCI ya karu da $102, yana wakiltar haɓaka kusan 7%.

Waɗannan bayanai sun nuna cewa abubuwan da suka faru na baya-bayan nan, irin su GRI, yajin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kanada, da raguwar iya aiki, sun yi tasiri kan farashin jigilar kayayyaki na Transpacific, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka farashin da kwanciyar hankali.

Bisa kididdigar da Alphaliner ta yi, masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki suna fuskantar guguwar jigilar sabbin jiragen ruwa, tare da kusan 30 TEU na karfin jigilar kayayyaki da aka kawo a duniya a cikin watan Yuni, wanda ke nuna wani matsayi mai girma na wata guda. An isar da jimillar jiragen ruwa 29, wanda kusan kusan jirgi daya ne a kowace rana. Halin haɓaka ƙarfin sabon jirgin ruwa yana gudana tun daga Maris ɗin wannan shekara kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da kasancewa a manyan matakai a cikin wannan shekara da kuma gaba.

Bayanai daga Clarkson sun kuma nuna cewa, a farkon rabin wannan shekarar, an kai jimillar jiragen ruwa guda 147 masu karfin TEU 975,000, wanda ya nuna karuwar kashi 129 cikin dari a duk shekara. Clarkson ya annabta cewa adadin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki na duniya zai kai miliyan 2 TEU a wannan shekara, kuma masana'antar ta yi kiyasin cewa lokacin isar da kayayyaki na iya ci gaba har zuwa 2025.

Daga cikin manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya guda goma a duniya, mafi girman karfin iya aiki a farkon rabin farkon bana ya samu ne ta hanyar sufurin jiragen ruwa na Yang Ming, wanda ke matsayi na goma, tare da karuwar kashi 13.3%. Babban ƙarfin girma na biyu mafi girma ya samu ta Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Bahar Rum (MSC), wanda ke matsayi na farko, tare da haɓaka 12.2%. Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (Layin NYK) ya ga girma na uku mafi girma na iya aiki, yana matsayi na bakwai, tare da haɓaka 7.5%. Kamfanin Evergreen Marine Corporation, kodayake yana gina sabbin jiragen ruwa da yawa, ya sami bunƙasa na 0.7% kawai. Ƙarfin sufurin ruwa na Yang Ming ya ragu da kashi 0.2%, kuma Maersk ya sami raguwar 2.1%. Masana'antar ta yi kiyasin cewa ƙila an dakatar da kwangilar hayar jiragen ruwa da yawa.

KARSHE