amakuru

Ku ya 21 Kamena 2023

WASHINGTON, DC - Guhatira ubukungu byabaye imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye kandi zigenda ziyongera ku ruhando mpuzamahanga muri iki gihe, ibi bikaba byateje impungenge z’ingaruka zishobora kwangirika ku bukungu bw’isi, gahunda y’ubucuruzi ishingiye ku mategeko, n’umutekano mpuzamahanga n’umutekano. Kwiyongera kuri iki kibazo ni ingorane leta zihura nazo ku isi, cyane cyane ibihugu bito n'ibiciriritse, mu gusubiza neza ingamba nk'izo.

Dukurikije iki kibazo, Ikigo cya Politiki cya Sosiyete ya Aziya (ASPI) cyakiriye ikiganiro kuri interineti “Kurwanya agahato k'ubukungu: Ibikoresho n'ingamba zo gukorera hamwe, ”Ku ya 28 Gashyantare iyobowe naWendy Cutler, Visi Perezida wa ASPI; no kwerekanaVictor Cha, Visi Perezida mukuru muri Aziya na Koreya Umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe ingamba n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga;Melanie Hart, Umujyanama mukuru mu Bushinwa na Indo-Pasifika mu Biro by'Umunyamabanga wa Leta wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry'ubukungu, ingufu, n'ibidukikije;Ryuichi Funatsu, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe politiki y’ubukungu muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubuyapani; naMariko Togashi, Umushakashatsi Ushinzwe Politiki y’umutekano n’ingabo z’Ubuyapani mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku ngamba.

Ibibazo bikurikira byaganiriweho:

• Nigute ibihugu byakorera hamwe kugirango bikemure ikibazo cy’agahato k’ubukungu, kandi ni gute ingamba zo gukumira ubukungu rusange zashyirwa mu bikorwa muri urwo rwego?
• Nigute ibihugu byatsindira ubwoba bwo guhanwa mubushinwa kandi bigakorera hamwe kugirango dutsinde ubwoba bwibikorwa byagahato?
• Igiciro gishobora gukemura neza agahato k'ubukungu, kandi ni ibihe bikoresho bindi bihari?
• Ni uruhe ruhare ibigo mpuzamahanga nka WTO, OECD, na G7, bigira uruhare mu gukumira no kurwanya agahato mu bukungu?
  

  Kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu

  Victor Chayemeye uburemere bw'ikibazo n'ingaruka zacyo. Yagize ati: “Guhatira ubukungu mu Bushinwa ni ikibazo nyacyo kandi ntabwo kibangamiye gahunda y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. Ni ikibazo kibangamiye gahunda mpuzamahanga yisanzuye, ”yongeraho ati:“ Bahatira ibihugu guhitamo cyangwa kudahitamo ku bintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'ubucuruzi. Bifitanye isano na demokarasi muri Hong Kong, uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Sinayi, ibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye. ” Nkoresheje igitabo aherutse gusohora muriUbubanyi n’amahangaIkinyamakuru, yashyigikiye ko hakenewe gukumira ako gahato, anashyiraho ingamba zo “guhangana n’ubufatanye,” bikubiyemo kumenya ibihugu byinshi bikorerwa ku gahato mu bukungu by’Ubushinwa nabyo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bishingiye cyane cyane. Cha yavuze ko iterabwoba ry’ibikorwa rusange, nk '“ingingo ya 5 igamije ibikorwa rusange by’ubukungu,” rishobora kuzamura igiciro no gukumira “ihohoterwa ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa ndetse n’intwaro z’Abashinwa zuzuzanya.” Icyakora, yemeje kandi ko politiki nk'iki ishobora kuba igoye.

  Melanie Hartyasobanuye ko ibintu by’agahato by’ubukungu n’amakimbirane ya gisirikare ari ibintu bitandukanye, kandi agahato k’ubukungu gakunze kugaragara mu “karere k’imvi,” yongeraho ati: “Ntabwo byakozwe mu mucyo. Bihishe mu gishushanyo. ” Bitewe n'uko Pekin idakunze kwemera ku mugaragaro ko ikoresha ingamba z’ubucuruzi nk’intwaro ahubwo ikoresha amayeri yo gutereta, yongeye gushimangira ko ari ngombwa kuzana umucyo no gushyira ahagaragara ayo mayeri. Hart yashimangiye kandi ko icyerekezo cyiza ari kimwe aho abantu bose barushaho kwihangana kandi ko bashobora kwifashisha abafatanyabikorwa bashya mu bucuruzi n’amasoko, bigatuma agahato k’ubukungu “katabaho.”

  Imbaraga zo kurwanya agahato k'ubukungu

  Melanie Hartbasangiye ibitekerezo na guverinoma y’Amerika ko Washington ibona ko agahato k’ubukungu kibangamiye umutekano w’igihugu ndetse n’amategeko ashingiye ku mategeko. Yongeyeho ko Amerika ikomeje kongera uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko no gutanga inkunga yihuse ku bafatanyabikorwa ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bahura n’igitutu cy’ubukungu, nkuko bigaragara mu mfashanyo Amerika iherutse guha Lituwaniya. Yagaragaje inkunga y’ibice bibiri muri Kongere y’Amerika yo gukemura iki kibazo, anavuga ko amahoro adashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza. Hart yavuze ko uburyo bwiza bwaba bukubiyemo imbaraga zahujwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye, ariko igisubizo gishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibicuruzwa cyangwa amasoko yihariye arimo. Ku bw'ibyo, yavuze ko icyibandwaho ari ugushaka icyiza kuri buri kibazo, aho gushingira ku buryo bumwe.

  Mariko Togashibaganiriye ku bunararibonye bw’Ubuyapani ku gahato k’ubukungu kiva mu Bushinwa ku bijyanye n’amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe ku isi, anagaragaza ko Ubuyapani bwashoboye kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku Bushinwa buva kuri 90 ku ijana bugera kuri 60 ku ijana mu myaka 10 binyuze mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Icyakora, yemeje kandi ko kwishingikiriza kuri 60% bikiri inzitizi ikomeye yo gutsinda. Togashi yashimangiye akamaro ko gutandukana, gutera inkunga amafaranga, no kugabana ubumenyi mu rwego rwo gukumira agahato mu bukungu. Mu gihe yagaragazaga icyerekezo cy’Ubuyapani o kugera ku bwigenge bw’ingirakamaro ndetse n’ingirakamaro mu kongera ingufu no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bindi bihugu, yavuze ko kugera ku bwigenge busesuye bw’ibihugu bidashoboka ku gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, bikaba ngombwa ko igisubizo rusange kibe rusange, maze agira ati: “Imbaraga zo ku rwego rw’igihugu ni ngombwa, ariko nkurikije aho ubushobozi bugarukira, ntekereza ko kugera ku bwigenge bufatika hamwe n'ibihugu bisa kimwe ari ngombwa. ”

  Gukemura agahato k'ubukungu kuri G7

   

  Ryuichi Funatsubasangiye ibitekerezo na guverinoma y'Ubuyapani, avuga ko iyi ngingo izaba imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi zizaganirwaho mu nama y'abayobozi ba G7, iyobowe n'Ubuyapani muri uyu mwaka. Funatsu yasubiyemo imvugo y’Abayobozi ba G7 ku gahato mu bukungu guhera mu 2022, agira ati: “Tuzakomeza kuba maso ku iterabwoba, harimo n’agahato mu bukungu, rigamije guhungabanya umutekano n’umutekano ku isi. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, tuzakomeza ubufatanye bunoze kandi dushakishe uburyo bwo kunoza isuzuma, kwitegura, gukumira, no guhangana n’izo ngaruka, dushingiye ku myitozo myiza yo gukemura ibibazo haba hirya no hino muri G7 ndetse no hanze yacyo, ”maze avuga ko Ubuyapani buzafata uru rurimi nka umurongo ngenderwaho wo gutera imbere muri uyu mwaka. Yavuze kandi uruhare rw’imiryango mpuzamahanga nka OECD mu “kuzamura imyumvire mpuzamahanga,” anatanga raporo ya ASPI mu 2021 yitwa,Gusubiza ku gahato k'ubucuruzi, cyasabye ko OECD itegura ibarura ryingamba zagahato no gushyiraho data base kugirango habeho gukorera mu mucyo.

   

  Mu gusubiza ibyo abitabiriye ibiganiro bifuza kubona nkibyavuye mu nama ya G7 yuyu mwaka,Victor Chayagize ati: "ikiganiro kijyanye n'ingamba zuzuza cyangwa inyongera zigabanya ingaruka zo kugabanya no guhangana n’ingaruka zarebaga uburyo abanyamuryango ba G7 bashobora gufatanya mu rwego rwo kwerekana uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo guhungabanya ubukungu," mu kwerekana ko Ubushinwa bushingiye cyane ku bintu by’akataraboneka no hagati. Mariko Togashi yashimangiye ko yizeye ko hazakomeza kubaho iterambere no kuganira ku bikorwa rusange, anashimangira akamaro ko kwemeza itandukaniro riri hagati y’inzego z’ubukungu n’inganda mu bihugu kugira ngo bahure kandi bamenye urugero rw’ubwumvikane bifuza gukora.

   

  Abatanze ibiganiro bose bemeje ko hakenewe ingamba zihutirwa zo guhangana n’agahato k’ubukungu kayobowe n’Ubushinwa basaba ko igisubizo rusange. Basabye ko hajyaho ingufu mu bihugu birimo kongera imbaraga mu guhangana no gutanga amasoko atandukanye, guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo, no gushakisha uburyo hashobora guhungabana ubukungu. Abatanze ibiganiro bashimangiye kandi ko hakenewe igisubizo kiboneye cyerekana imiterere yihariye ya buri kibazo, aho gushingira ku buryo bumwe, maze bemeza ko amatsinda mpuzamahanga n’akarere ashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye. Urebye imbere, abitabiriye ibiganiro babonye ko Inama ya G7 iri imbere ari umwanya wo kurushaho gusuzuma ingamba zo guhangana n’igitutu cy’ubukungu.