amakuru

Kanama 2, 2023

Inzira z’i Burayi amaherezo zagarutse cyane ku gipimo cy’imizigo, cyiyongereyeho 31.4% mu cyumweru kimwe. Ibiciro bya Transatlantike nabyo byazamutseho 10.1% (bigera kuri 38% ukwezi kose kwa Nyakanga). Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro ryagize uruhare mu ihererekanyabubasha ry’imizigo rya Shanghai (SCFI) ryazamutseho 6.5% rigera ku manota 1029.23, risubirana urwego ruri hejuru y’amanota 1000. Iyi soko iriho ubu irashobora kugaragara nkikigaragaza hakiri kare imbaraga zamasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa kugirango azamure ibiciro byinzira zi Burayi na Amerika muri Kanama.

Ababishinzwe bagaragaza ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’imizigo mu Burayi no muri Amerika ndetse n’ishoramari rihoraho mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa yamaze kugera ku ntera y’ubwato butagira umumaro no kugabanya gahunda. Niba zishobora gukomeza kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'imizigo mu cyumweru cya mbere Kanama bizaba ingingo y'ingenzi yo kureba.

Ku ya 1 Kanama, amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa yiteguye guhuza izamuka ry’ibiciro ku nzira z’i Burayi n’Amerika. Muri bo, mu nzira y’Uburayi, amasosiyete atatu akomeye yo gutwara abantu Maersk, CMA CGM, na Hapag-Lloyd ayoboye inzira yo kwitegura kuzamuka cyane. Nk’uko amakuru atangwa n’abatwara ibicuruzwa, babonye amagambo aheruka ku ya 27, byerekana ko inzira ya transitlantike iteganijwe kwiyongera ku madolari 250-400 kuri TEU (Igice cya metero makumyabiri ihwanye), igamije $ 2000-3000 kuri TEU kuri Amerika y’Iburengerazuba. na Amerika y'Iburasirazuba. Mu nzira y’i Burayi, barateganya kuzamura ibiciro $ 400-500 kuri TEU, bagamije kwiyongera kugera ku madolari 1600 kuri TEU.

Inzobere mu nganda zemeza ko urugero nyarwo rw’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’igihe rushobora gukomeza ruzakurikiranirwa hafi mu cyumweru cya mbere Kanama. Hamwe nimibare myinshi yubwato bushya butangwa, amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa azahura nibibazo bikomeye. Icyakora, urujya n'uruza rw'umuyobozi w'inganda, Isosiyete itwara abantu mu nyanja ya Mediterranean, yagize ubwiyongere budasanzwe bwa 12.2% mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, nayo irakurikiranirwa hafi.
Nkuko bigezweho, dore imibare ya Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI):

Inzira nyabagendwa (US West Coast): Shanghai kugera muri Amerika y'Iburengerazuba: $ 1943 kuri FEU (Igice cya metero mirongo ine ihwanye), kwiyongera $ 179 cyangwa 10.15%.

Inzira nyabagendwa (US East Coast Coast): Shanghai kugera muri Amerika y'Iburasirazuba: $ 2853 kuri FEU, kwiyongera $ 177 cyangwa 6.61%.

Inzira y’i Burayi: Shanghai i Burayi: $ 975 kuri TEU (Igice cya metero makumyabiri zingana), kwiyongera $ 233 cyangwa 31.40%.

Shanghai muri Mediterane: $ 1503 kuri TEU, kwiyongera $ 96 cyangwa 6.61%. Inzira y'Ikigobe cy'Ubuperesi: Igipimo cy'imizigo ni $ 839 kuri TEU, kikaba cyaragabanutseho 10,6% ugereranije n'ibihe byashize.

Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ivunjisha ry’ubwikorezi bwa Shanghai, icyifuzo cyo gutwara abantu cyagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru ugereranije, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byiza-bikenerwa, bigatuma ibiciro by’isoko bikomeza kwiyongera. Ku nzira y’Uburayi, nubwo muri Aziya y’ibanze ya Markit Composite PMI yagabanutse kugera kuri 48.9 muri Nyakanga, byerekana ibibazo by’ubukungu, icyifuzo cy’ubwikorezi cyerekanye imikorere myiza, kandi amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda yo kuzamura ibiciro, bituma ibiciro byiyongera ku isoko.

Nkuko bigezweho, ibiciro byubwikorezi bwinzira yo muri Amerika yepfo (Santos) ni $ 2513 kuri TEU, bikagabanuka buri cyumweru $ 67 cyangwa 2.60%. Ku nzira yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya (Singapore), igipimo cy'imizigo ni $ 143 kuri TEU, buri cyumweru igabanuka $ 6 cyangwa 4.30%.

Twibuke ko ugereranije n’ibiciro bya SCFI ku ya 30 Kamena, ibiciro by’inzira nyabagendwa (US West Coast) byiyongereyeho 38%, Umuhanda Transpacific (US East Coast) wiyongereyeho 20.48%, inzira y’uburayi yiyongereyeho 27.79%, n'inzira ya Mediterane yiyongereyeho 2,52%. Igipimo gikomeye cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 20-30% mumihanda minini y’Amerika y’Iburasirazuba, Amerika y’Iburengerazuba, n’Uburayi yarenze kure igipimo cya SCFI cyiyongereyeho 7.93%.

Inganda zizera ko uku kwiyongera guterwa ahanini n’icyemezo cy’amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa. Inganda zitwara abantu zirimo guhura n’ubwinshi mu kugemura amato mashya, hamwe no gukomeza kwegeranya ubushobozi bushya kuva muri Werurwe, kandi bikaba byaragaragaye ko hafi ya 300.000 TEU y’ubushobozi bushya yiyongereye ku isi muri Kamena yonyine. Muri Nyakanga, nubwo muri Amerika habaye ubwiyongere buhoro buhoro ubwinshi bw’imizigo muri Amerika ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere mu Burayi, ubushobozi bw’ikirenga buracyari ingorabahizi ku igogora, bigatuma habaho ubusumbane bw’ibisabwa. Ibigo bitwara ibicuruzwa byagiye bihindura igipimo cy’imizigo binyuze mu bwato butagira umumaro no kugabanya gahunda. Ibihuha byerekana ko igipimo cy’ubwato kiriho kiri hafi kugera ku ntera ikomeye, cyane cyane ku nzira z’i Burayi hamwe n’amato mashya 20.000 ya TEU yatangijwe.

Abatwara ibicuruzwa bavuze ko amato menshi ataremerwa neza mu mpera za Nyakanga no mu ntangiriro za Kanama, kandi niba izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amato ku ya 1 Kanama rishobora kwihanganira ihungabana iryo ari ryo ryose bizaterwa n’uko haba hari ubwumvikane hagati y’amasosiyete yo gutanga ibiciro by’imizigo kandi gufatanya kubungabunga ibiciro by'imizigo.

Kuva mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, habaye ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byinshi ku nzira ya Transpacific (Amerika yerekeza muri Aziya). Muri Nyakanga, ubwiyongere bunoze kandi buhamye bwagezweho binyuze mu bintu bitandukanye, birimo ubwato bunini butagira umumaro, kugarura ubwinshi bw'imizigo, imyigaragambyo yo ku cyambu cya Kanada, n'ingaruka z'ukwezi kurangiye.

Inganda zitwara abantu zerekana ko igabanuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’imizigo ku nzira ya Transpacifici mu bihe byashize, byegereye cyangwa bikamanuka munsi y’ibiciro, byashimangiye icyemezo cy’amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa kugira ngo azamure ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo guhatanira umuvuduko ukabije n’ibiciro bitwara ibicuruzwa ku nzira ya Transpacific, amasosiyete menshi yohereza ibicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse byabaye ngombwa ko asohoka ku isoko, bituma ibiciro bitwara ibicuruzwa muri iyo nzira. Mugihe ubwinshi bwimizigo bwiyongereye buhoro buhoro inzira ya Transpacific muri Kamena na Nyakanga, izamuka ryibiciro ryashyizwe mubikorwa neza.

Nyuma yiyi ntsinzi, amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa byu Burayi yiganye uburambe munzira yu Burayi. Nubwo hari ubwiyongere bw’imizigo ku nzira y’Uburayi vuba aha, buracyari buke, kandi gukomeza kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bizaterwa no gutanga isoko no gukenera imbaraga.
WCI iheruka (Index ya Container World)kuva Drewry yerekana ko GRI (Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro rusange), imyigaragambyo yo ku cyambu cya Kanada, no kugabanya ubushobozi byose byagize ingaruka runaka ku nzira ya Transpacific (Amerika yerekeza muri Aziya). Inzira za WCI ziheruka ni izi zikurikira: Igicuruzwa cya Shanghai kugera Los Angeles (Transpacific US West Coast Coast) igipimo cy’imizigo cyarenze $ 2000 maze gitura $ 2072. Iki gipimo giheruka kugaragara hashize amezi atandatu.

Igipimo cy’imizigo cya Shanghai kugera i New York (Transpacific US US Coast Coast) nacyo cyarenze $ 3000, cyiyongeraho 5% kigera ku $ 3049. Ibi byashizeho amezi mashya atandatu.

Inzira za Transpacific muri Amerika n’iburasirazuba bwa Amerika zagize uruhare mu kwiyongera kwa 2,5% mu cyerekezo cy’ibikoresho bya Drewry World Wtain (WCI), kigera ku $ 1576. Mu byumweru bitatu bishize, WCI yazamutseho amadorari 102, bivuze ko kwiyongera hafi 7%.

Aya makuru yerekana ko ibintu biherutse, nka GRI, imyigaragambyo y’icyambu cya Kanada, no kugabanya ubushobozi, byagize ingaruka ku gipimo cy’imizigo ya Transpacific, bituma ibiciro byiyongera kandi bihamye.

Nk’uko imibare ya Alphaliner ibigaragaza, inganda zitwara abantu zirimo guhura n’ubwato bushya, hamwe na TEU zigera kuri 30 z’ubushobozi bw’ubwato bwa kontineri zatanzwe ku isi hose muri Kamena, bikaba byerekana ko ukwezi kumwe kwabaye hejuru. Amato 29 yose yatanzwe, ugereranije ubwato bumwe kumunsi. Icyerekezo cyo kongera ubushobozi bwubwato bushya cyakomeje kuva muri Werurwe uyu mwaka kandi biteganijwe ko kizakomeza kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru muri uyu mwaka n’umwaka utaha.

Amakuru yatanzwe na Clarkson yerekana kandi ko mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, hatanzwe amato 147 ya kontineri afite ubushobozi bwa 975.000 TEU, agaragaza ko umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 129%. Clarkson ateganya ko ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa ku isi buzagera kuri miliyoni 2 muri uyu mwaka, kandi inganda zigereranya ko igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa gishobora gukomeza kugeza mu 2025.

Mu masosiyete icumi ya mbere yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isi, ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ubushobozi mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka bwagezweho na Yang Ming Marine Transport, iri ku mwanya wa cumi, yiyongera 13.3%. Ubwiyongere bwa kabiri hejuru yubushobozi bwagezweho na Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), buza kumwanya wa mbere, bwiyongereyeho 12.2%. Ubwiyongere bwa gatatu mu kuzamura ubushobozi bwagaragaye na Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK Line), ku mwanya wa karindwi, yiyongereyeho 7.5%. Evergreen Marine Corporation, nubwo yubaka amato mashya menshi, yabonye ubwiyongere bwa 0.7% gusa. Ubwikorezi bwa Yang Ming Marine bwagabanutseho 0.2%, naho Maersk yagabanutseho 2,1%. Inganda zigereranya ko amasezerano menshi yamasezerano yubwato ashobora kuba yarahagaritswe.

IHEREZO