amakuru

Kanama 16, 2023

Umwaka ushize, ikibazo cy’ingufu zikomeje kwibasira Uburayi cyitabiriwe n'abantu benshi. Kuva mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, ibiciro by’ibiciro bya gaze by’iburayi byagumye bihagaze neza.

Ariko, muminsi yashize, habaye kwiyongera gutunguranye. Igitero gishobora kuba gitunguranye muri Ositaraliya, kikaba kitarabaye, cyateje ingaruka zitunguranye ku isoko rya gazi karemano ry’iburayi, ku bilometero ibihumbi.

Byose Kubera Imyigaragambyo?

Mu minsi yashize, igiciro cyibipimo ngenderwaho byu Burayi TTF ejo hazaza h’amasezerano ya gazi karemano yerekanaga ihindagurika rikomeye. Igiciro cyigihe kizaza, cyatangiye hafi yama euro 30 kumasaha ya megawatt, cyazamutse byigihe gito hejuru yama euro 43 kumasaha ya megawatt mugihe cyo gucuruza, kikaba cyarageze aharindimuka kuva hagati muri Kamena.

Igiciro cya nyuma cyo kwishura cyari 39.7 euro, ibyo bikaba byiyongereyeho 28% igiciro cyo gusoza umunsi. Ihindagurika rikabije ry’ibiciro riterwa ahanini na gahunda yo guhagarika imyigaragambyo y’abakozi ku bigo bimwe na bimwe by’amazi meza bya Ositaraliya.

Raporo yaturutse muri “Ositaraliya Isuzuma ry’Imari,” 99% mu bakozi 180 bakora mu ruganda rwa gazi ya gazi ya Woodside Energy muri Ositaraliya bashyigikiye iki gikorwa cyo guhagarika imyigaragambyo. Abakozi basabwa gutanga integuza y'iminsi 7 mbere yo gutangira imyigaragambyo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruganda rwa gazi rusukuye rushobora guhagarara nkicyumweru gitaha.

Byongeye kandi, abakozi ba Chevron ku ruganda rwa gazi rusanzwe rw’amazi na bo bakangisha kujya mu myigaragambyo.Izi ngingo zose zishobora kubangamira kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Ositaraliya. Mubyukuri, gazi isanzwe yo muri Ositaraliya itembera gake cyane i Burayi; ikora cyane cyane itanga isoko muri Aziya.

Nyamara, isesengura ryerekana ko niba ibicuruzwa biva muri Ositaraliya bigabanutse, abaguzi bo muri Aziya bashobora kongera ibyo bagura kuri gaze karemano y’amazi muri Amerika na Qatar, hamwe n’andi masoko, bityo bikazamura irushanwa n’Uburayi. Ku ya 10, ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe y’iburayi byagabanutseho gato, kandi abacuruzi bakomeje gusuzuma ingaruka ziterwa no gutitira.

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wongereye ingufu za gaze ya Ukraine

InEU, imyiteguro yimbeho yuyu mwaka yatangiye kare. Gukoresha gaze mu gihe cy'itumba ubusanzwe bikubye kabiri icyi, kandi ububiko bwa gaze bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi buri hafi 90% by’ubushobozi bwabo.

Twe Ububiko bwa gazi karemano bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bushobora kubika metero kibe miliyari 100 gusa, mu gihe Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uva kuri metero kibe 350 na metero kibe 500. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wagaragaje amahirwe yo gushinga ikigega cya gazi gisanzwe muri Ukraine. Bivugwa ko ibikoresho bya Ukraine bishobora guha Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ubushobozi bwo kubika metero kibe miliyari 10.

Amakuru yerekana kandi ko muri Nyakanga, ubushobozi bwateganijwe bw’imiyoboro ya gazi isanzwe itanga gaze iva muri EU muri Ukraine igera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka hafi itatu, bikaba biteganijwe ko izikuba kabiri muri uku kwezi. Mu gihe Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wiyongereyeho gaze gasanzwe, abari mu nganda bavuga ko iyi mbeho ishobora kuba ifite umutekano ugereranije n’umwaka ushize.

Icyakora, baributsa kandi ko ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe y’iburayi bishobora gukomeza guhindagurika mu myaka iri imbere cyangwa ibiri iri imbere. CitiGroup iteganya ko niba ibirori byo guhagarika imyigaragambyo muri Ositaraliya bitangiye vuba bikagera no mu gihe cy'itumba, bishobora gutuma ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe by’i Burayi byikuba kabiri bikagera ku ma euro 62 ku isaha ya megawatt muri Mutarama umwaka utaha.

Ubushinwa buzagira ingaruka?

Niba hari ikibazo muri Ositaraliya kigira ingaruka ku biciro bya gaze y’iburayi, birashobora no kugira ingaruka ku gihugu cyacu? Mugihe Australiya aricyo gihugu kinini gitanga LNG mukarere ka Aziya-pasifika, ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe mubushinwa byagenze neza.

Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, kugeza ku ya 31 Nyakanga, igiciro cy’isoko rya gaze gasanzwe (LNG) mu Bushinwa cyari 3.924.6 kuri toni, kikaba cyaragabanutseho 45.25% bivuye ku mpinga mu mpera z’umwaka ushize.

Ibiro bishinzwe amakuru ku Nama ya Leta yabanje kuvuga mu nama isanzwe ya politiki ivuga ko mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya gaze n’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa byatumije iterambere rihamye, bigatuma ingo zikenerwa n’inganda n’inganda.

Dukurikije imibare yoherejwe, bigaragara ko ikoreshwa rya gaze gasanzwe mu Bushinwa mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka yari metero kibe miliyari 194.9, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 6.7%. Kuva impeshyi yatangira, ikoreshwa rya gaze ya buri munsi mu gutanga amashanyarazi yarenze metero kibe 250, itanga inkunga ikomeye yo kubyara amashanyarazi.

“Raporo y’iterambere ry’imyororokere y’Ubushinwa (2023)” yasohowe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu yerekana ko iterambere rusange ry’isoko rya gaze gasanzwe ry’Ubushinwa rihagaze neza. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena, ingufu za gaze gasanzwe mu gihugu zari metero kibe miliyari 194.1, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 5.6%, mu gihe umusaruro wa gaze karemano wageze kuri metero kibe miliyari 115.5, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 5.4%.

Imbere mu gihugu, bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe ndetse n’ibiciro by’ibiciro bya gaze mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, biteganijwe ko izakomeza kwiyongera. Byagereranijwe mbere yuko Ubushinwa bukoresha gaze gasanzwe mu 2023 buzaba buri hagati ya miliyari 385 na metero kibe 390, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka bwa 5.5% kugeza 7%. Iri terambere rizaterwa ahanini no gukoresha gazi yo mu mijyi no gukoresha gaze mu gutanga amashanyarazi.

Mu gusoza, bigaragara ko iki gikorwa kizagira ingaruka nke ku biciro bya gaze gasanzwe mu Bushinwa.