amakuru

Ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza bwibasiwe cyane n’ifaranga ryinshi n’ingaruka za Brexit. Mu mezi ashize, ibiciro byazamutse cyane, bituma abantu benshi birinda gukoresha amafaranga menshi ku bicuruzwa, bituma ubujura bwa supermarket bwiyongera. Amaduka manini amwe yitabaje gufunga amavuta kugirango akumire ubujura.

Umunyamerika ukomoka mu Bwongereza aherutse kuvumbura amavuta afunze muri supermarket y'i Londres, bituma havuka impaka kuri interineti. Dukurikije amakuru aheruka gushyirwa ahagaragara n’inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bwongereza ku ya 28 Werurwe, igipimo cy’ifaranga ry’ibiribwa muri iki gihugu muri Werurwe cyazamutse ku gipimo cya 17.5%, aho amagi, amata, na foromaje biri mu izamuka ry’ibiciro byihuse. Urwego rwo hejuru rw’ifaranga rutera ububabare bukabije ku baguzi bahanganye n’ibiciro by’ubuzima.

Nyuma ya Brexit, Ubwongereza bufite ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi, aho abakozi 460.000 b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bava mu gihugu. Muri Mutarama 2020, Ubwongereza bwavuye ku mugaragaro Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bushyiraho uburyo bushya bushingiye ku ngingo z’abinjira n’abinjira kugira ngo bugabanye abinjira mu bihugu by’Uburayi nk'uko byasezeranijwe n’abashyigikiye Brexit. Icyakora, nubwo gahunda nshya yashoboye kugabanya abinjira n’abinjira n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, yanashora mu bucuruzi mu kibazo cy’umurimo, yongeraho gushidikanya ku bukungu bw’Ubwongereza bumaze kudindira.

Mu rwego rwo kwesa imihigo nyamukuru ya Brexit, Ubwongereza bwavuguruye gahunda y’abinjira kugira ngo bugabanye urujya n'uruza rw’abakozi ba EU. Sisitemu nshya ishingiye ku ngingo, yashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Mutarama 2021, ifata kimwe Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’abatari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Abasaba guhabwa amanota bakurikije ubuhanga bwabo, impamyabumenyi, urwego rw'imishahara, ubushobozi bw'ururimi, n'amahirwe y'akazi, gusa abafite amanota ahagije bahawe uruhushya rwo gukora mu Bwongereza.

Abantu bafite ubuhanga buhanitse nkabahanga, abahanga, nintiti babaye intego nyamukuru y’abinjira mu Bwongereza. Ariko, kuva ishyirwa mubikorwa rya sisitemu nshya, Ubwongereza bwagize ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi. Raporo y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza yerekanye ko 13.3% by’ubucuruzi bwakoreweho ubushakashatsi mu Gushyingo 2022 bahura n’ibura ry’abakozi, aho amacumbi na serivisi z’imirire bifite ikibazo cy’ibura ryinshi kuri 35.5%, naho ubwubatsi bukaba 20.7%.

Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo gishinzwe ivugurura ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi muri Mutarama bwerekanye ko kuva gahunda nshya y’abinjira n’abinjira mu mahanga yatangira gukurikizwa mu 2021, umubare w’abakozi b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wagabanutseho 460.000 muri Kamena 2022. Nubwo abakozi 130.000 batari abanyaburayi bafite igice kuzuza icyuho, isoko ry’umurimo mu Bwongereza riracyafite ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi 330.000 mu nzego esheshatu zingenzi.

Umwaka ushize, amasosiyete arenga 22.000 yo mu Bwongereza yahombye, yiyongereyeho 57% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Ikinyamakuru Financial Times cyatangaje ko kuzamuka kw'ifaranga no kwiyongera kw'inyungu biri mu bintu byagize uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'ihomba. Inzego z’ubwubatsi, gucuruza, no kwakira abashyitsi byibasiwe cyane n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi ndetse n’icyizere cy’umuguzi kigabanuka.

Nk’uko Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari (IMF) kibitangaza ngo Ubwongereza bugiye kuba bumwe mu bukungu bukomeye bwifashe nabi mu 2023. ya 4%. Umuhanga mu by'ubukungu Samuel Tombs wo muri Pantheon Macroeconomics yavuze ko mu bihugu G7, Ubwongereza ari bwo bukungu bwonyine butarakira neza kugeza ku rwego rw’ibyorezo, bikagwa mu bukungu.

Abasesenguzi ba Deloitte bemeza ko ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza bumaze igihe buhagaze, biteganijwe ko GDP izagabanuka mu 2023. bumwe mubukungu bukennye cyane mubukungu bukomeye kwisi. Raporo yerekana kandi ko Ubwongereza buzagira imikorere mibi mu bukungu muri G7 ndetse n’imwe mu mbi muri G20.

Raporo ivuga ko ubukungu bw’isi buziyongera ku gipimo cya 2.8% mu 2023, igabanuka rya 0.1 ku ijana ugereranije n’uko byari byavuzwe mbere. Biteganijwe ko amasoko azamuka ndetse n’ubukungu butera imbere biziyongera 3,9% muri uyu mwaka na 4.2% mu 2024, mu gihe ubukungu bwateye imbere buzabona iterambere rya 1,3% muri 2023 na 1.4% muri 2024.

Urugamba rwugarije ubukungu bw’Ubwongereza nyuma ya Brexit no hagati y’ibiciro by’ifaranga ryerekana ibibazo byo kujyayo wenyine hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Mu gihe iki gihugu gihanganye n'ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi, kwiyongera kw'ihomba, no kuzamuka mu bukungu, biragenda bigaragara ko icyerekezo cy'Ubwongereza nyuma ya Brexit kirimo gutera inzitizi zikomeye. Mu gihe IMF iteganya ko Ubwongereza buzaba bumwe mu bukungu bukomeye bwifashe nabi mu gihe cya vuba, igihugu kigomba gukemura ibyo bibazo by’ingutu kugira ngo kigarure irushanwa kandi kongere ubukungu bwacyo.