nhau

Aug 2, 2023

Nzira dzeEurope dzakapedzisira dzaita kudzokororwa kukuru kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu, ichikwira ne31.4% muvhiki imwe chete. Transatlantic fares yakakwirawo ne10.1% (inosvika pakuwedzera kwe38% yemwedzi wese waChikunguru). Uku kukwira kwemitengo kwakabatsira kune yazvino Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) ichikwira ne6.5% kusvika 1029.23 mapoinzi, ichitorazve nhanho iri pamusoro pegumi mapoinzi. Iyi misika yemazuva ano inogona kuonekwa sekutanga kuratidza kuedza kwemakambani ekufambisa kukwidza mitengo yemigwagwa yeEurope neAmerica muna Nyamavhuvhu.

Vemukati vanoratidza kuti nekukura kushoma kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu muEurope neUnited States uye kuenderera mberi kwekudyara mune yekuwedzera huwandu hwekutakura, makambani ekutakura atosvika padanho rekushaikwa kwechikepe uye kuderedzwa zvirongwa. Kunyangwe vachikwanisa kuchengetedza kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu mukati mesvondo rekutanga raNyamavhuvhu ichave chinhu chakakosha chekucherechedza.

Musi waNyamavhuvhu 1, makambani ekutumira akaiswa kuti awiriranise kuwedzera kwemutengo panzira dzeEurope neAmerica. Pakati pavo, panzira yeEurope, makambani makuru matatu ekutakura Maersk, CMA CGM, uye Hapag-Lloyd vari kutungamira mukugadzirira kukwira kukuru kwemubhadharo. Zvinoenderana neruzivo kubva kune vanotakura zvinhu, vakagamuchira zvinyorwa zvichangoburwa pamusi wa27, zvichiratidza kuti nzira yekuyambuka Atlantic inotarisirwa kuwedzera nemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu-400 paTEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit), yakananga $2000-3000 paTEU yeUS West Coast. uye US East Coast zvichiteerana. Munzira yekuEurope, vari kuronga kukwidza mitengo nemadhora mazana mana nemakumi mashanu paTEU, vachivavarira kuwedzera kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu paTEU.

Nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri dzinotenda kuti huwandu chaihwo hwekuwedzera kwemutengo uye kuti inogona kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba sei ichanyatsocherechedzwa mukati mevhiki yekutanga yaNyamavhuvhu. Nenhamba huru yezvikepe zvitsva zviri kuendeswa, makambani ekutakura achasangana nematambudziko makuru. Nekudaro, kufamba kwemukuru weindasitiri, Mediterranean Shipping Company, iyo yakawana kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwehuwandu hwe12.2% muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, iri kutariswa zvakanyanya.
Nezvekuvandudzwa kwazvino, heino nhamba dzeShanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI):

Transpacific Route (US West Coast): Shanghai kuUS West Coast: $1943 paFEU (Forty-foot Equivalent Unit), kuwedzera kwe $179 kana 10.15%.

Transpacific Route (US East Coast): Shanghai kuUS East Coast: $2853 paFEU, kuwedzera kwe $177 kana 6.61%.

European Route: Shanghai kuEurope: $ 975 paTEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit), kuwedzera kwe $ 233 kana 31.40%.

Shanghai kuenda kuMediterranean: $1503 paTEU, kuwedzera kwemadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu kana 6.61%. Persian Gulf Route: Chiyero chekutakura madhora mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe paTEU, inosangana nekudonha kukuru kwe10.6% zvichienzaniswa nenguva yapfuura.

Sekureva kweShanghai Shipping Exchange, kudiwa kwekufambisa kwakaramba kuri padanho repamusoro, paine chiyero chakanaka chekupa-chinodiwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kunoramba kuripo kwemitengo yemusika. Kune nzira yeEurope, kunyangwe iyo eurozone yekutanga Markit Composite PMI ichidonha kusvika 48,9 muna Chikunguru, zvichiratidza matambudziko ehupfumi, kudiwa kwekufambisa kwakaratidza kuita kwakanaka, uye makambani ekutakura akashandisa zvirongwa zvekuwedzera mutengo, achityaira kuwedzera kwekuwedzera mumusika.

Nezvekuvandudzwa kwazvino, mitengo yekutakura yenzira yeSouth America (Santos) imadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nenhatu paTEU, ichiwana kudzikira kwevhiki nevhiki kwemadhora makumi matanhatu nenomwe kana makumi maviri nenhanhatu. Kune yeSoutheast Asia nzira (Singapore), mutengo wekutakura madhora zana nemakumi mana nematatu paTEU, nekuderera kwevhiki nevhiki kwe6 kana 4.30%.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvichienzaniswa nemitengo yeSCFI munaJune 30, mitengo yeTranspacific Route (US West Coast) yakawedzera ne38%, Transpacific Route (US East Coast) yakawedzera ne20,48%, nzira yeEurope yakawedzera ne27.79%, uye nzira yeMediterranean yakawedzera ne2.52%. Huwandu hwakakosha hwekuwedzera kweanopfuura 20-30% munzira huru dzeUS East Coast, US West Coast, neEurope zvakapfuura nereSCFI index kuwedzera kwe7.93%.

Iyo indasitiri inotenda kuti kuvhiya uku kunofambiswa zvachose nekutsunga kwemakambani ekutumira. Indasitiri yekutakura iri kusangana nepamusoro-soro mukutakura ngarava nyowani, nekuenderera mberi kuunganidzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva kubva munaKurume, uye rekodhi yakakwira ingangoita mazana matatu ezviuru eTEU ehutsva hutsva hwakawedzerwa pasi rose muna Chikumi chete. Muna Chikunguru, kunyangwe paine kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu muUnited States uye kumwe kuvandudzwa muEurope, huwandu hwehuwandu hunoramba huchinetsa kugaya, zvichikonzera kusaenzana kwezvinodiwa. Makambani anotakura zvinhu anga achidzikamisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu kuburikidza nekushaikwa kwechikepe uye kuderedzwa zvirongwa. Runyerekupe runoratidza kuti yazvino nhanho yekufamba nechikepe yave kusvika padanho rakakomba, kunyanya kunzira dzeEurope dzine ngarava dzakawanda dze20,000 TEU dzakatangwa.

Vanotakura zvinhu vakataura kuti ngarava zhinji hadzisati dzazara mukupera kwaChikunguru uye kutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, uye kuti kukwira kwemitengo kwemakambani ekufambisa kwaNyamavhuvhu 1 kunogona kumirisana nekudzikira kupi kunoenderana nekuti pane kubvumirana pakati pemakambani kupa mitero yekurodha. pamwe chete kuchengetedza mitengo yekutakura.

Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, kwave nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu paTranspacific nzira (US kuenda kuAsia). Muna Chikunguru, kuwedzera kwakabudirira uye kwakagadzikana kwakawanikwa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kufamba kwechikepe kwakakura, kudzoreredzwa kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu, kurova kwechiteshi cheCanada, uye kupera-kwemwedzi.

Indasitiri yekutumira inoratidza kuti kuderera kukuru kwemitengo yekutakura munzira yeTranspacific munguva yakapfuura, iyo yakasvika kana kutodonha pasi pemutengo wemutengo, yakasimbisa kutsunga kwemakambani ekutakura kukwidza mitengo. Pamusoro pezvo, panguva yemakwikwi akanyanya uye mitengo yakaderera yekutakura munzira yeTranspacific, makambani mazhinji madiki uye epakati nepakati akamanikidzwa kubuda mumusika, achidzikamisa mitengo yekutakura munzira. Sezvo huwandu hwekutakura hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma panzira yeTranspacific muna Chikumi naChikunguru, kuwedzera kwemutengo kwakashandiswa zvakabudirira.

Kutevera kubudirira uku, makambani ekutakura eEurope akadzokorora chiitiko ichi kunzira yeEurope. Kunyangwe pave nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu munzira yeEurope nguva pfupi yadarika, inoramba iine zvishoma, uye kusimba kwekuwedzera kwechiyero kuchaenderana nekutengesa kwemusika uye kudiwa kwesimba.
Iyo yazvino WCI (World Container Index)kubva kuDrewry inoratidza kuti GRI (General Rate Increase), kurova kwechiteshi cheCanada, uye kudzikiswa kwehuwandu zvese zvakave nemhedzisiro paTranspacific nzira (US kuenda kuAsia) mitengo yekutakura. Mafambiro azvino eWCI ndeaya anotevera: Iyo Shanghai kuenda kuLos Angeles (Transpacific US West Coast nzira) mutengo wekutakura wakapaza iyo $2000 mamaki uye yakagara pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nenomwe. Mari iyi yakapedzisira kuonekwa mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura.

Shanghai kuenda kuNew York (Transpacific US East Coast nzira) mwero wekutakura wakapfuurawo mucherechedzo wemadhora mazana matatu, uchikwira ne5% kusvika pamadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mana nepfumbamwe. Izvi zvakaisa hutsva hwemwedzi mitanhatu yakakwirira.

Nzira dzeTranspacific US East neUS West Coast dzakabatsira mukuwedzera kwe2.5% muDrewry World Container Index (WCI), inosvika $1576. Mumavhiki matatu apfuura, WCI yakakwira nemadhora zana nemakumi maviri, inomiririra kuwedzera kwe7%.

Idzi data dzinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvichangoburwa, senge GRI, kurova kwechiteshi cheCanada, uye kuderedzwa kwehuwandu, zvakakonzera Transpacific nzira yekutakura mitengo, zvichiita kuti mutengo uwedzere uye kugadzikana.

Sekureva kwehuwandu hweAlphaliner, indasitiri yekutumira iri kusangana neawa ekutakura ngarava nyowani, inosvika makumi matatu TEU yekutakura ngarava inounzwa pasi rose muna Chikumi, ichimaka rekodhi yakakwira kwemwedzi mumwechete. Zvikepe zve29 zvakaunzwa, avhareji yengarava imwe chete pazuva. Maitiro ekuwedzera ngarava nyowani anga achienderera mberi kubva munaKurume gore rino uye anotarisirwa kuramba ari pamazinga akakwirira mukati megore rino uye rinotevera.

Dhata kubva kuClarkson inoratidzawo kuti muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, zvikepe zve147 zvine huwandu hwe975,000 TEU zvakaendeswa, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe129%. Clarkson anofanotaura kuti huwandu hwekutakura ngarava dzepasi rose huchasvika mamirioni maviri TEU gore rino, uye indasitiri inofungidzira kuti nguva yepamusoro yekutakura inogona kuenderera kusvika 2025.

Pakati pemakambani gumi epamusoro ekutakura midziyo pasi rose, kukura kwepamusoro kwepamusoro muhafu yekutanga yegore rino kwakawanikwa neYang Ming Marine Transport, iri pachinzvimbo chegumi, nekuwedzera kwe13.3%. Yechipiri-yepamusoro-soro yekukura yakaitwa neMediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), yakaiswa pekutanga, nekuwedzera kwe12.2%. Kukura kwechitatu-kwepamusoro kwekukura kwakaonekwa naNippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK Line), iri pachinzvimbo chechinomwe, nekuwedzera kwe7.5%. Evergreen Marine Corporation, kunyangwe ichivaka ngarava nyowani dzakawanda, yakaona kukura kwe0.7% chete. Yang Ming Marine Transport kugona kwakadzikira ne0.2%, uye Maersk yakaona kudzikira kwe2. Indasitiri inofungidzira kuti zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekuchata ngarava zvinogona kunge zvakamiswa.

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