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NgoJuni 21, 2023

E-WASHINGTON, DC - Ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho kuye kwaba ngumceli mngeni onzima kwaye okhulayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe namhlanje, eliye laphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nomonakalo onokuthi ube nomonakalo wokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, inkqubo yokurhweba esekelwe kwimithetho, kunye nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuzinza. Eyona nto idibanisa lo mba bubunzima oorhulumente behlabathi lonke, ingakumbi amazwe amancinci naphakathi, ekuphenduleni ngokufanelekileyo kumanyathelo anjalo.

Ngenxa yalo mceli mngeni, iAsia Society Policy Institute (ASPI) ibambe ingxoxo kwi-intanethi “Ukuchasana nokunyanzeliswa koQoqosho: Izixhobo kunye noBuchule bokuSebenza ngokuHlangeneyo,” ngoFebruwari 28 yonganyelwe nguWendy Cutler, uSekela Mongameli we-ASPI; kunye nokubonisaUVictor Cha, iSekela likaMongameli oPhezulu we-Asia kunye noSihlalo waseKorea kwiZiko leSifundo seSicwangciso kunye neZizwe ngeZizwe;UMelanie Hart, uMcebisi oMkhulu we-China kunye ne-Indo-Pacific kwi-Ofisi ye-Under Secretary of State yoHlumo lwezoQoqosho, amandla kunye nokusiNgqongileyo;Ryuichi Funatsu, UMlawuli weCandelo loMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lwezoQoqosho kwiSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle yaseJapan; kwayeUMariko Togashi, Umlingane woPhando kuMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko lwaseJapan kwiziko laMazwe ngaMazwe leSifundo seSicwangciso.

Le mibuzo ilandelayo kwaxoxwa ngayo:

• Amazwe angasebenzisana njani ukujongana nomceli mngeni wokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho, kwaye singaphunyezwa njani isicwangciso sokuthintela uqoqosho ngokuhlangeneyo kulo mxholo?
• Amazwe anokoyisa njani uloyiko lwawo lwempindezelo evela eTshayina kwaye asebenze ngokuhlangeneyo ukoyisa uloyiko ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yokunyanzela?
• Ngaba imirhumo ingalungisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho, kwaye zeziphi ezinye izixhobo ezikhoyo?
• Yiyiphi indima amaziko ehlabathi, afana ne-WTO, i-OECD, kunye ne-G7, angayidlala ekuthinteleni nasekuchaseni ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho?
  

  Uthintelo loQoqosho oluHlangeneyo

  UVictor Chayabuvuma ubunzulu balo mba kunye nefuthe lawo elibi. Uthe, “Ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho eTshayina yingxaki yokwenyani kwaye ayisosisongelo kurhwebo lwenkululeko. Kusisisongelo kulungelelwaniso lwezizwe ngezizwe olukhululekileyo,” waza wongezelela ngelithi, “Banyanzela amazwe ukuba enze ukhetho okanye angenzi ukhetho kwizinto ezingenanto yakwenza norhwebo. Banento yokwenza nezinto ezinje ngedemokhrasi eHong Kong, amalungelo abantu eXinjiang, izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.” Ecaphula upapasho lwakhe lwamva nje kwiUmba waNgaphandles, wakhuthaza imfuneko yokunqanda ukunyanzeliswa okunjalo, kwaye wazisa isicwangciso "sokuqina ngokubambisana," okubandakanya ukuqaphela amazwe amaninzi aphantsi konyanzeliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseChina kunye nokuthumela izinto eChina exhomekeke kuyo kakhulu. U-Cha waxoxa ukuba isoyikiso senyathelo elidityanelweyo, elifana "neNqaku lesi-5 lenyathelo lezoqoqosho elihlangeneyo," linokuthi linyuse iindleko kwaye lithintele "ukuxhatshazwa kwezoqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nezixhobo zaseTshayina zokuxhomekeka komnye." Nangona kunjalo, ukwavumile ukuba ukuba nokwenzeka kwezopolitiko kwisenzo esinjalo kuya kuba ngumngeni.

  UMelanie Hartwachaza ukuba iimeko zokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho kunye neengxabano zomkhosi ziimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho kuhlala kwenzeka "kwindawo engwevu," yongeza, "Ngoyilo alubonakali. Zifihliwe ngokoyilo.” Ngenxa yokuba iBeijing kunqabile ukuba ivume esidlangalaleni ukusetyenziswa kwayo kweendlela zorhwebo njengesixhobo kwaye endaweni yoko isebenzisa amaqhinga okufihla izinto, uye waphinda wathi kubalulekile ukuzisa elubala kwaye aveze la maqhinga. UHart uphinde wabalaselisa ukuba eyona meko ifanelekileyo yileyo apho wonke umntu anokomelela ngakumbi kwaye unokujikela kumaqabane orhwebo amatsha kunye neemarike, esenza unyanzeliso lwezoqoqosho lube “yinto engeyonto.”

  Iinzame zokuNqanda uNyanzelo lwezoQoqosho

  UMelanie Hartwabelane ngeembono zorhulumente wase-US ukuba iWashington ithatha ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho njengesoyikiso kukhuseleko lwelizwe kunye nomyalelo osekelwe kwimithetho. Wongezelela ukuba i-US iye yandisa ulwahlulo lokubonelela kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso ekhawulezayo kumahlakani kunye namaqabane ajongene nokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho, njengoko kubonakala kuncedo lwakutsha nje lwase-US ukuya eLithuania. Uye waphawula inkxaso ye-bipartisan kwiNkongolo yase-US yokulungisa lo mba, kwaye wathi amaxabiso asenokungabi sesona sisombululo. UHart ucebise ukuba eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo iya kubandakanya iinzame ezilungelelanisiweyo zizizwe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa impendulo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpahla ezithile okanye kwiimarike ezibandakanyekayo. Ngoko ke, waxoxa ukuba ugxininiso kukufumana eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye, kunokuthembela kwindlela yobukhulu obunye.

  UMariko Togashiyaxoxa ngamava eJapan ngokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho okuvela eChina malunga nezimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kwaye yabonisa ukuba iJapan ikwazile ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo eChina ukusuka kuma-90 epesenti ukuya kuma-60 epesenti kwiminyaka eyi-10 ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, ukwavumile ukuba ukuxhomekeka kwama-60% kusengumqobo omkhulu ekufuneka woyiswe. UTogashi ugxininise ukubaluleka kokwahlukahlukana, inkxaso yemali, kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi ukuthintela ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho. Ngelixa eqaqambisa ugqaliselo lweJapan ekufezekiseni ukuzimela okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuyimfuneko ekonyuseni amandla kunye nokuncipha kokuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe, wathi ukufezekisa ukuzimela geqe kwesicwangciso akunakwenzeka kulo naliphi na ilizwe, kufuna impendulo edibeneyo, kwaye wathi, "Umzamo wenqanaba lelizwe ngokuqinisekileyo ubalulekile, kodwa xa kujongwe imida, ndicinga ukuba ukuphumeza ukuzimela geqe kunye namazwe acinga ngokufanayo kubalulekile. ”

  Ukujongana noNyanzeliso lwezoQoqosho kwi-G7

   

  Ryuichi Funatsuwabelane ngembono karhulumente waseJapan, ephawula ukuba isihloko siya kuba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eziza kuxoxwa kwiNtlanganiso yeeNkokeli ze-G7, ekhokelwa yiJapan kulo nyaka. UFunatsu ucaphule ulwimi lweeNkokeli ze-G7 ezithetha ngokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho ukusukela ngowama-2022, “Siza kwandisa ukuphaphela kwethu izisongelo, eziquka ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho, ezijonge ukujongela phantsi ukhuseleko nozinzo lwehlabathi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siza kulandela intsebenziswano eyomeleziweyo kwaye siphonononge iindlela zokuphucula uvavanyo, ukulungela, uthintelo, kunye nokusabela kumngcipheko onje, sitsalela kwezona nkqubo zilungileyo zokujongana nokuvezwa ngaphaya nangaphaya kwe-G7, ”kwaye yathi iJapan iya kuthatha olu lwimi njengolu lwimi. isikhokelo sokwenza inkqubela kulo nyaka. Ukwakhankanye indima yemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-OECD “ekukhuliseni ulwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe,” kwaye wakhankanya ingxelo ye-ASPI ngo-2021 enesihloko esithi,Ukusabela kuNyanzelo loRhwebo, eyacebisa ukuba i-OECD iphuhlise uluhlu lwamanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kunye nokuseka uvimba weenkcukacha ukwenzela izinto ezingafihlisiyo.

   

  Ukuphendula into abanqwenela ukuyibona abenzi bephaneli njengesiphumo seNgqungquthela ye-G7 yalo nyaka,UVictor Chauthe, “ingxoxo emalunga nesicwangciso-qhinga esincedisana okanye esongezelela ukuthomalalisa impembelelo nokomelela okuye kwajonga ukuba amalungu e-G7 anokusebenzisana njani na ngokubonisa uhlobo oluthile lothintelo oluhlangeneyo loqoqosho,” ngokuchonga ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwe-China kubunewunewu kunye nezinto zobuchule obuphakathi. U-Mariko Togashi uvakalise ukuba unethemba lokubona uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye neengxoxo zezenzo ezihlangeneyo, kwaye wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokuvuma ukungafani kwezakhiwo zezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino phakathi kwamazwe ukufumana indawo efanayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubungakanani bokuvumelana abazimisele ukukwenza.

   

  Abaphathi bephaneli babona ngamxhelo mnye imfuneko yenyathelo elingxamisekileyo lokuhlangabezana nokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho olukhokelwa yiChina kwaye bacela impendulo edibeneyo. Bacebise umzamo olungelelanisiweyo phakathi kwezizwe obandakanya ukonyuka kokuqina kunye nokwahlukahlukana kobonelelo lwezibonelelo, ukukhuthaza ukungafihli, kunye nokuhlola ukuba nokwenzeka kothintelo oluhlangeneyo loqoqosho. Iiphaneli zaphinda zagxininisa imfuno yempendulo elungiselelweyo eqwalasela iimeko ezizodwa zemeko nganye, kunokuxhomekeka kwindlela efanayo, kwaye bavuma ukuba amaqela ngamazwe kunye nemimandla angadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukujonga phambili, iiphaneli zabona iNgqungquthela ye-G7 ezayo njengethuba lokuphonononga ngakumbi izicwangciso zempendulo ehlangeneyo ngokuchasene nokunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho.