izindaba

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-April okuvela e-China kukhule ngo-8.5% unyaka nonyaka ngamadola aseMelika, okudlula obekulindelwe.

NgoLwesibili, Meyi 9, i-General Administration of Customs ikhiphe idatha ekhombisa ukuthi inani eliphelele lezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokuthunyelwa kweChina lifinyelele ku- $ 500.63 billion ngo-Ephreli, okumaka ukukhuphuka okungu-1.1%. Ngokuqondile, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-$295.42 billion, kukhuphuke ngo-8.5%, kuyilapho ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-$205.21 billion, okubonisa ukwehla ngo-7.9%. Ngenxa yalokho, imali enqwabelene yohwebo yanda ngo-82.3%, yafinyelela ku-$90.21 billion.

Ngokwe-yuan yaseShayina, ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwe-China kwamanye amazwe ngo-Ephreli kufinyelele ku-¥3.43 trillion, okubonisa ukukhuphuka okungu-8.9%. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kubalele ku-¥2.02 trillion, kukhule ngo-16.8%, kuyilapho ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-¥1.41 trillion, kwehle ngo-0.8%. Ngenxa yalokho, imali enqwabelene yohwebo yanda ngo-96.5%, yafinyelela ku-¥618.44 billion.

Abahlaziyi bezezimali baphakamisa ukuthi ukukhula okuhle okuqhubekayo konyaka nonyaka ku-April kungase kubangelwe nomthelela ophansi.

Ngo-Ephreli 2022, iShanghai nezinye izindawo zaba nenani eliphakeme lamacala e-COVID-19, okuholele ekutheni kube nesizinda esiphansi kakhulu sokuthumela ngaphandle. Lo mphumela ophansi ube negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kokuthekelisa konyaka nonyaka ngo-Ephreli. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga nenyanga lokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle lika-6.4% beliphansi ngokuphawulekayo kunezinga elivamile lokuguquguquka kwesizini, okubonisa umfutho wangempela wokuthekelisa obuthakathaka wangempela wenyanga, okuhambisana nenkambiso yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukuhwebelana.

Ukuhlaziya izimpahla ezibalulekile, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto nemikhumbi kwamanye amazwe kudlale indima enkulu ekuqhubekiseni ukusebenza kahle kohwebo lwangaphandle ngo-April. Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwe-yuan yesiShayina, inani lokuthekelisa lezimoto (okuhlanganisa ne-chassis) libone ukukhula konyaka ngo-195.7%, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi ngaphandle kwenyuka ngo-79.2%.

Mayelana nozakwethu bokuhweba, inani lamazwe nezifunda ezibhekana nokwehla ekukhuleni kwenani lokuhweba unyaka nonyaka phakathi nesikhathi esisuka kuJanuwari kuya ku-April lehle laya kwezinhlanu, uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga edlule, nezinga lokwehla liyancipha.

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-ASEAN nase-European Union kubonisa ukukhula, kuyilapho lokho okuya e-United States nase-Japan kwehla.

Ngokusho kwedatha yamasiko, ngo-Ephreli, phakathi kwezimakethe ezintathu eziphezulu ezithumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ku-ASEAN kukhule ngo-4.5% unyaka nonyaka ngokwemigomo yedola laseMelika, ukuthunyelwa kwe-European Union kukhuphuke ngo-3.9%, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwe-United States kwehlile. ngo-6.5%.

Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zonyaka, i-ASEAN yahlala inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo waseShayina, uhwebo lwamazwe amabili lwafinyelela ku-¥2.09 trillion, okubonisa ukukhula ngo-13.9% futhi okuhlanganisa u-15.7% yenani eliphelele lokuhwebelana laseChina. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-ASEAN kufinyelele ku-¥1.27 trillion, kukhule ngo-24.1%, kuyilapho ukungenisa okuvela e-ASEAN kufinyelele ku-¥820.03 billion, kukhule ngo-1.1%. Ngenxa yalokho, imali enqwabelene yohwebo ne-ASEAN ikhule ngo-111.4%, yafinyelela ku-¥451.55 billion.

I-European Union ikleliswe njengozakwethu wesibili ngobukhulu kwezohwebo neChina, lapho uhwebo lwamazwe amabili lufinyelela ku-¥1.8 trillion, lukhula ngo-4.2% futhi lubalelwa ku-13.5%. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-European Union kufinyelele ku-¥1.17 trillion, ikhule ngo-3.2%, kuyilapho ukuthengwa kwempahla evela e-European Union kufinyelele ku-¥631.35 billion, ikhula ngo-5.9%. Ngenxa yalokho, imali enqwabelene yohwebo ne-European Union yanda ngo-0.3%, yafinyelela ku-¥541.46 billion.

"I-ASEAN isaqhubeka nokuba nguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo waseChina, futhi ukunwebela e-ASEAN nakwezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa kunikeza ukuqina okwengeziwe kokuthunyelwa kweChina kwamanye amazwe." Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi ubudlelwano bezomnotho nezohwebo baseSino-European bukhombisa ukuthambekela okuhle, okwenza ubudlelwano bezohwebo be-ASEAN bube ukweseka okuqinile kwezohwebo lwangaphandle, okuphakamisa ukukhula okungase kube khona esikhathini esizayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-China eRussia kukhuphuke kakhulu unyaka nonyaka ngo-153.1% ngo-Ephreli, okuphawula izinyanga ezimbili ezilandelanayo zokukhula kwamadijithi amathathu. Abahlaziyi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi iRussia iqondisa kabusha ukuthengwa kwayo okuvela e-Europe nakwezinye izifunda kuya e-China ngokumelene nokwasemuva kwezijeziso zamazwe ngamazwe eziqinisiwe.

Kodwa-ke, abahlaziyi baxwayisa ngokuthi nakuba uhwebo lwaseShayina lwangaphandle lusanda kukhombisa ukukhula obekungalindelekile, cishe kungenxa yokugaywa kwemiyalelo yokusalela emuva kusukela ngekota yesine yonyaka odlule. Uma kubhekwa ukwehla okukhulu kwakamuva kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeNingizimu Korea neVietnam, isimo sesidingo sangaphandle emhlabeni wonke siseyinselele, okubonisa ukuthi uhwebo lwaseShayina lwangaphandle lusabhekene nezinselele ezinzima.

Ukwanda kwezimoto kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kwamanye amazwe

Phakathi kwezimpahla ezibalulekile ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngokwemibandela yedola laseMelika, inani lezimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle (okuhlanganisa ne-chassis) lenyuke ngo-195.7% ngo-April, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kwamanye amazwe kukhule ngo-79.2%. Ukwengeza, ukuthunyelwa kwamacala, izikhwama, nezinye iziqukathi ezifanayo zikhule ngo-36.8%.

Imakethe iphawule kabanzi ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kwamanye amazwe kugcine izinga lokukhula ngokushesha ngo-Ephreli. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, inani lezimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle (kuhlanganise ne-chassis) likhule ngo-120.3% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwezibalo zezikhungo, inani lezimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle (okuhlanganisa ne-chassis) lenyuke ngo-195.7% unyaka nonyaka ngo-April.

Njengamanje, imboni isalokhu inethemba mayelana namathemba okuthunyelwa kwezimoto zaseChina. I-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers ibikezela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto zasekhaya kuzofinyelela ezimotweni eziyizigidi ezi-4 kulo nyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi iChina kungenzeka idlule iJapan futhi ibe imakethe yezimoto emhlabeni wonke kulo nyaka.

UCui Dongshu, uNobhala-Jikelele weNgqungquthela Ehlanganyelwe Yemininingwane Yemakethe Yezimoto Zabagibeli Kazwelonke, uthe imakethe yokuthekelisa yezimoto yaseChina ikhombise ukukhula okuqinile eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ngaphandle, okubone ukukhula okubonakalayo kokubili umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nenani lentengo elimaphakathi.

“Ngokulandela umkhondo wezimoto zaseChina ezithunyelwa ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle ngo-2023, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni amakhulu kukhombise ukukhula okuqinile. Nakuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emazweni aseningizimu yehlile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni athuthukile kubonise ukukhula kwezinga eliphezulu, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele ekuthunyelweni kwezimoto kwamanye amazwe.”

I-United States ikleliswe njengozakwethu wesithathu ngobukhulu kwezohwebo neChina, lapho uhwebo lwamazwe amabili lufinyelela ku-¥1.5 trillion, lwehla ngo-4.2% futhi lubalelwa ku-11.2%. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-United States kufinyelele ku-¥1.09 trillion, kwehle ngo-7.5%, kuyilapho ukuthengiswa okuvela e-United States kufinyelele ku-¥410.06 billion, kukhule ngo-5.8%. Ngenxa yalokho, imali enqwabelene yohwebo ne-United States yehle ngo-14.1%, yafinyelela ku-¥676.89 billion. Ngokwemigomo yedola laseMelika, ukuthengwa kweChina e-United States kwehle ngo-6.5% ngo-April, kanti impahla evela e-United States yehle ngo-3.1%.

I-Japan ikleliswe njengozakwethu wesine ngobukhulu kwezohwebo ne-China, lapho uhwebo lwamazwe amabili lufinyelela ku-¥731.66 billion, lwehle ngo-2.6% futhi lubalelwa ku-5.5%. Ikakhulukazi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-Japan kufinyelele ku-¥375.24 billion, kukhule ngo-8.7%, kuyilapho ukuthengiswa okuvela eJapan kufinyelele ku-¥356.42 billion, kwehle ngo-12.1%. Ngakho-ke, imali enqwabelene yohwebo neJapan ifinyelele ku-¥18.82 billion, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushoda kwezohwebo kwezigidigidi ezingama-¥60.44 ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, inani eliphelele lama-China athengwayo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe namazwe ahambisana ne-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yafinyelela ku-¥4.61 trillion, ikhula ngo-16%. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-¥2.76 trillion, kukhule ngo-26%, kanti ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-¥1.85 trillion, kukhule ngo-3.8%. Ngokuqondile, ukuhweba namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, njengeKazakhstan, namazwe aseNtshonalanga Asia naseNyakatho Afrika, njengeSaudi Arabia, kukhuphuke ngo-37.4% no-9.6%, ngokulandelana.

UCui Dongshu uphinde wachaza ukuthi njengamanje kunesidingo esikhulu sezimoto zamandla amasha eYurophu, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba amahle kakhulu okuthunyelwa kweChina. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imakethe yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo yamandla emisha yaseShayina ingaphansi kokuguquguquka okukhulu.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amabhethri e-lithium namaphaneli elanga kwaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha ngo-April, okubonisa umphumela wokukhuthazwa wokuguqulwa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.