izindaba

Julayi 19, 2023

Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana, ngesikhathi sendawo, i-Argentina yenze ukubuyisela okuyingqophamlando kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.7 (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-19.6) esikweletini sangaphandle se-International Monetary Fund (IMF) isebenzisa inhlanganisela Yamalungelo Akhethekile Okudweba E-IMF (SDRs) kanye ne-RMB yokukhokha. Lokhu kube ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi i-Argentina isebenzisa i-RMB ukukhokha isikweletu sayo sangaphandle. Umkhulumeli we-IMF, u-Czak, umemezele ukuthi esikweletini esikhokhwayo samabhiliyoni angu-2.7, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.7 akhokhwa kusetshenziswa i-Special Drawing Rights ye-IMF, kanti enye i-$ 1 billion esele ikhokhelwe ku-RMB.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-RMBe-Argentina ifinyelele emazingeni okurekhoda. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuJuni, i-Bloomberg yabika ukuthi idatha evela ku-Mercado Abierto Electrónico, enye yezingxoxo ezinkulu kakhulu zase-Argentina, ibonise ukuthi i-R.MBimisebenzi emakethe yokushintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle yase-Argentina ifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu lama-28% ngosuku olulodwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphakeme langaphambilini lika-5% ngoMeyi. IBloomberg ichaze lesi simo ngokuthi “wonke umuntu e-Argentina une-RMB.”

Muva nje, uMatthias Tombolini, uNobhala Wezohwebo woMnyango Wezomnotho wase-Argentina, umemezele ukuthi ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi walo nyaka, i-Argentina ixazulule ukuthengwa kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe ebiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.721 (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-19.733) ngama-R.MBokulinganiselwa ku-19% wesamba sempahla ethengwayo kulezo zinyanga ezimbili.

I-Argentina njengamanje ibhekene ne-inflation ekhuphukayo kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwemali yayo.

Izinkampani eziningi kakhulu zase-Argentina zisebenzisa i-Renminbi ukuze zixazulule izinkinga zohwebo, okuwumkhuba ohlobene eduze nesimo esibucayi sezezimali sase-Argentina. Kusukela ngo-August wangonyaka odlule, i-Argentina ibanjwe “isivunguvungu” sokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo, ukwehla okubukhali kwenani lemali, ukushuba kwezinxushunxushu emphakathini, nezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe zangaphakathi. Njengoba ukwehla kwamandla emali kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka kanye ne-US Federal Reserve inyusa amanani enzalo, i-peso yase-Argentina ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokwehla kwamandla emali. IBhange Elikhulu lase-Argentina kwadingeka lidayise amadola aseMelika nsuku zonke ukuze ligweme ukwehla okwengeziwe. Ngeshwa, isimo asizange sibe ngcono kakhulu kulo nyaka odlule.

Ngokusho kweReuters, isomiso esinzima esihlasele i-Argentina kulo nyaka sibe nomthelela omubi ezitshalweni zezomnotho zezwe ezifana nommbila nobhontshisi wesoya, okuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwezimali zangaphandle kanye nezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali elikhuphuke ngo-109%. Lezi zici ziye zabeka izinsongo ezinkokhelweni zohwebo zase-Argentina kanye nekhono lokukhokha izikweletu. Ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezedlule, imali yase-Argentina yehle ngesigamu, okuphawula ukusebenza okubi kakhulu phakathi kwezimakethe ezisafufusa. Izimali ezigciniwe zamadola aseMelika zeBhange Elikhulu lase-Argentina zisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-2016, futhi ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa kwezimali, igolide, kanye noxhaso lwezimali oluvela emazweni amaningi, izimali ezigciniwe zangempela zamadola aseMelika zimbi impela.

Ukwandisa ukubambisana kwezezimali phakathi kweChina ne-Argentina kuye kwaphawuleka kulo nyaka. Ngo-April, i-Argentina yaqala ukusebenzisa i-RMBngezinkokhelo zezinto ezithengwayo ezivela e-China. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, i-Argentina ne-China yavuselela isivumelwano sokushintsha imali esibiza ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-130, okwakhuphula isabelo esitholakalayo sisuka kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-35 saya kumayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-70. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yezokuphepha yase-Argentina igunyaze ukukhishwa kwe-RMB-izibambiso ezihlanganisiwe emakethe yendawo. Lolu chungechunge lwezinyathelo lukhombisa ukuthi ukubambisana kwe-China-Argentina kwezezimali kuyadlondlobala.

Ukwandisa ukubambisana kwezezimali phakathi kweChina ne-Argentina kuwukubonakaliswa kobudlelwane obunempilo bezomnotho nezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Njengamanje, i-China ingomunye wabalingani bezohwebo ababaluleke kakhulu base-Argentina, kanti ukuhwebelana kwamazwe amabili kwafinyelela ku-$21.37 billion ngo-2022, okudlula uphawu lwamabhiliyoni angama-20 okokuqala ngqa. Ngokulungisa ukuthengiselana okwengeziwe ngezimali zazo, izinkampani zaseShayina nezase-Argentina zinganciphisa izindleko zokushintshisana futhi zinciphise ubungozi bezinga lokushintshisana, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukuhwebelana kwamazwe amabili. Ukubambisana kuhlala kuzuzisa ngokulinganayo, futhi lokhu kuyasebenza nasekubambisaneni kwezezimali kwe-China-Argentina. E-Argentina, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-RMBisiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zayo zasekhaya ezicindezela kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Argentina ibibhekene nokushoda kwamadola aseMelika. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isikweletu sangaphandle sase-Argentina sifinyelele ku-$276.7 billion, kanti izimali zayo zokuhwebelana zangaphandle zaba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-44.6 kuphela. Isomiso sakamuva sibe nomthelela omkhulu emalini etholwayo yezolimo yase-Argentina yokuthekelisa ngaphandle, okuqhubekisela phambili inkinga yokushoda kwamadola. Ukwenyusa ukusetshenziswa kwe-yuan yaseShayina kungasiza i-Argentina ukuthi yonge inani elibalulekile lamadola ase-US futhi kwehlise ingcindezi yezindawo zokushintshisana zakwamanye amazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe amandla omnotho.

E-China, ukuzibandakanya ekushintshanisweni kwemali ne-Argentina nakho kuletha izinzuzo. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi walo nyaka, inani lempahla ethengwayo etholakala nge-yuan yaseShayina yabalelwa ku-19% yenani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngalezo zinyanga ezimbili. Esimeni sokushoda kwe-Argentina kwamadola ase-US, ukusebenzisa i-yuan yesiShayina ukuze kuhlaliswe amazwe ngaphandle kungaqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-China e-Argentina. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa i-yuan yase-Chinese ukukhokha isikweletu kungasiza i-Argentina igweme ukwenza iphutha ezikweletini zayo, igcine uzinzo kumnotho omkhulu, futhi ithuthukise ukuzethemba kwemakethe. Isimo somnotho esizinzile e-Argentina ngokungangabazeki siyisimo esibalulekile sokubambisana kwezomnotho nezohwebo phakathi kweChina ne-Argentina.

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