UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US uphothule umthethonqubo ngo-Ephreli 2022 owenqabela abathengisi ukuthi bathengise amalambu e-incandescent, futhi ukuvinjelwa kuzoqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 1, 2023.
UMnyango Wezamandla usuvele unxuse abathengisi ukuthi baqale ukushintshela ekuthengiseni ezinye izinhlobo zamalambu kagesi futhi usuqalile ukukhipha izixwayiso ezinkampanini ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Ngokwesimemezelo soMnyango Wezamandla, lo mthethonqubo kulindeleke ukuthi wonge abathengi cishe izigidigidi ezi-3 zamaRandi ezindlekweni zikagesi minyaka yonke kule minyaka engama-30 ezayo futhi wehlise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamathani angama-metric ayizigidi ezingama-222.
Ngaphansi komthethonqubo, izibani ze-incandescent kanye nama-halogen afanayo azovinjelwa, esikhundleni sawo ama-light-emitting diode (ama-LED).
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-54% yemindeni yaseMelika enemali engenayo yonyaka engaphezu kwe-$ 100,000 isebenzisa ama-LED, kuyilapho kuphela i-39% yaleyo engenayo engu-$ 20,000 noma ngaphansi. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi imithethonqubo yamandla ezayo izoba nomthelela omuhle ekwamukelweni kwama-LED kuwo wonke amaqembu angenayo.
I-Chile Imemezela Isu Likazwelonke Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezinsiza Lithium
Ngomhla zingama-20 kuMbasa, iHhovisi likaMongameli waseChile likhiphe isimemezelo sabezindaba esimemezela i-National Lithium Resource Development Strategy, simemezela ukuthi isizwe sizobamba iqhaza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo ye-lithium.
Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana imboni yezimayini ye-lithium, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho waseChile kanye noguquko oluluhlaza ngokukhula kwezimboni ezibalulekile. Amaphuzu abalulekile esu alandelayo:
Ukusungulwa Kwenkampani Yezimayini Kazwelonke Ye-Lithium: Uhulumeni uzosungula amasu esikhathi eside kanye nemithethonqubo ecacile yesigaba ngasinye sokukhiqizwa kwe-lithium, kusukela ekuhloleni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-value-added. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlelo luzokwenziwa yiNhlangano Kazwelonke Yethusi (i-Codelco) kanye Nenkampani Kazwelonke Yezimayini (i-Enami), kanti ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni kuzoholwa yi-National Lithium Mining Company lapho isungulwa, ukuze kuhehwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni ezimele futhi kwandiswe amandla okukhiqiza. .
Ukudalwa Kwesikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokucwaninga I-Lithium kanye Nosawoti Flat Technology: Lesi sikhungo sizokwenza ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimayini ze-lithium ukuze kuqiniswe ukuncintisana nokusimama kwemboni, sihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimayini ze-lithium nezimboni ezihlobene.
Eminye Imihlahlandlela Yokuqalisa: Ukuqinisa ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezinosawoti eziyisicaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni esimeme, uhulumeni waseChile uzosebenzisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwenqubomgomo yemboni, ukusungula inethiwekhi yokuvikela imvelo kasawoti flat, ukuvuselela izinhlaka zokulawula, ukwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kuzwelonke emisebenzini yokukhiqiza usawoti oyisicaba, kanye nokuhlola izindawo zokuhlala zikasawoti ezengeziwe.
I-Thailand Izokhipha Uhlu Olusha Lwezithako Zezimonyo Ezivinjelwe
I-Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isanda kuveza izinhlelo zokuvala ukusetshenziswa kwe-perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) ezimonyoni.
Isimemezelo esisalungiswa sibuyekezwe yiKomidi lezimonyo lase-Thai futhi okwamanje kuhlongozwa ukuthi lisayinwe ngungqongqoshe.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuthonywe isiphakamiso esikhishwe yi-Environmental Protection Authority yaseNew Zealand ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. NgoMashi, isiphathimandla sahlongoza uhlelo lokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) kwezimonyo ngo-2025 ukuze kuhambisane nemithetho ye-European Union.
Ngokwakhela kulokhu, i-Thai FDA ilungiselela ukukhipha uhlu olubuyekeziwe lwezithako zezimonyo ezivinjelwe, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-13 ze-PFAS kanye nokuphuma kwazo.
Izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuvimbela i-PFAS eThailand naseNew Zealand zibonisa inkambiso ekhulayo phakathi kohulumeni yokuqinisa umthetho kumakhemikhali ayingozi emikhiqizweni yabathengi, ngokugxila okwengeziwe kwezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izinkampani zezimonyo zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izibuyekezo zezithako zezimonyo, ziqinise ukuzihlola ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza umkhiqizo nezinqubo zokuthengisa, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo ithobelana nezidingo zokulawula ezimakethe eziqondiswe kuzo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2023